Getting an eye exam is an important part of  staying healthy. But do you know when you and your family members should get eye exams? Do you know what a complete eye exam should cover? 

Get the right exam at the right time and  ensure your vision lasts a lifetime.

When Should You Have an Eye Exam?

Childhood vision screening

From birth through the teenage years, children's eyes are growing and changing quickly. Ophthalmology and Strabismus have developed  specific childhood eye screening guidelines. Follow these guidelines to get your child screened at the right times. These screenings help identify when your child might need a complete eye exam.

Baseline eye exams for adults

If your eyes are healthy and vision is good, you should have a complete exam by your ophthalmologist once in your 20s and twice in your 30s.

There are some exceptions:

• If you have an infection, injury, or eye pain, or you notice sudden floaters and flashes or patterns of light, call your ophthalmologist.
• If you wear contact lenses, see your eye specialist every year.
• If you have diabetes or have a family history of eye disease, talk with your ophthalmologist about how often your eyes should be examined.

The American Academy of Ophthalmology recommends that adults get a  complete eye examination at age 40. This is when early signs of disease or changes in vision may appear. It is important to find eye diseases early. Early treatment can help preserve your vision.

Not everyone should wait until age 40 for an eye exam

Some adults shouldn't wait until they are 40 to have a complete eye exam. See an ophthalmologist now if you have an eye disease or risk factors such as:

• diabetes
• high blood pressure
• family history of eye disease.

After an exam, your ophthalmologist can tell you how often you should have your eyes checked in the future. It's important to follow the schedule your ophthalmologist gives you, especially as you age. Your risk for eye disease increases as you get older.

Seniors and eye exams

If you are 65 or older, make sure you have your eyes checked every year or two. Your ophthalmologist will check for signs of age-related eye diseases such as:

• cataracts
• diabetic retinopathy
• age-related macular degeneration
• glaucoma

Remember, always follow the schedule your ophthalmologist recommends for future eye exams.

What Do Ophthalmologists Check During Eye Exams?

A comprehensive eye exam is simple and comfortable. It shouldn't take more than 45 to 90 minutes. Your doctor may have a staff member do portions of this exam. Here is what the exam should include:

Your medical history

Your doctor will ask you about your vision and your general health. They will ask about: your family's medical history, what medications you take, and whether you wear  corrective lenses.

Your visual acuity

This is the part of an eye exam people are most familiar with. You will read an  eye chart to determine how well you see at various distances. You cover one eye while the other is being tested. This exam will determine whether you have  20/20 vision or not.

Your prescription for corrective lenses

Your doctor will ask you to look at an eye chart through a device called a phoropter. The phoropter contains different lenses. It will help determine the best eyeglass or contact lens prescription for you.

Your pupils

Your doctor may check how your pupils respond to light by shining a bright beam of light into your eye. Pupils usually respond by getting smaller. If your pupils widen or don't respond, this may reveal an underlying problem.

Your side vision

Loss of side vision (peripheral vision) may be a symptom of glaucoma. This test can find eye problems you aren't aware of because you can lose side vision without noticing.

Your eye movement

A test called ocular motility evaluates the movement of your eyes. Your ophthalmologist looks to see if your  eyes are aligned. They also check that your  eye muscles are working properly.

Your eye pressure

Eye pressure testing, called tonometry, measures the pressure within your eye( intraocular eye pressure, or IOP). Elevated IOP is one sign of glaucoma. The test may involve a quick puff of air onto the eye or gently applying a pressure-sensitive tip near or against your eye. Your ophthalmologist may use numbing  eye drops  for this test for your comfort.

The front part of your eye

Your ophthalmologist uses a slit-lamp microscope to light up the front part of the eye. This includes the  eyelids,  cornea,  iris and  lens. This test checks for cataracts or any scars or scratches on your cornea.

Your retina and optic nerve

Your ophthalmologist will put  dilating eye drops in your eye to dilate, or widen, your pupil. This will allow them to examine your  retina and  optic nerve for signs of damage from disease. Your eyes might be  sensitive to light for a few hours after dilation.

Other Tests During an Eye Examination

Your ophthalmologist may suggest other tests to further examine your eye. This can include specialized imaging techniques such as:

• optical coherence tomography (OCT)
• fundus photos
• fluorescein angiography (FA)
• topography, which is a scan of the surface of your cornea
• automated visual field

These tests help your ophthalmologist detect problems in the back of the eye, on the eye's surface or inside the eye to diagnose diseases early.

Each part of the comprehensive eye exam provides important information about the health of your eyes. Make sure that you get a complete eye exam as part of your care for your overall health.